The Unintended Consequences of Rent Control: A Policy That Hurts Those It Aims to Help

Audrey Wardwell • March 13, 2025

The Unintended Consequences of Rent Control: A Policy That Hurts Those It Aims to Help

Rent control is often proposed as a solution to high housing costs, with proponents arguing that it protects tenants from sudden rent increases and displacement. However, as economic research has repeatedly shown, the long-term effects of rent control can be deeply damaging—not only to landlords but also to the very tenants these policies are meant to help. The article Rent Control from the Library of Economics and Liberty provides a comprehensive overview of why rent control fails and the broader economic consequences of such policies.


How Rent Control Distorts the Market


Economists across the ideological spectrum agree: price controls lead to shortages. When the government caps rental prices, it disrupts the natural balance of supply and demand. Landlords, unable to charge market rates, often respond by reducing maintenance and investment in their properties, leading to a decline in housing quality over time. Meanwhile, developers are discouraged from building new rental units, exacerbating housing shortages.

As the article notes, a study of New York’s rent control policies found that the artificial suppression of rents resulted in “housing deterioration and a decline in the quantity and quality of available rental units.” The same pattern has been observed in cities around the world, from Stockholm to San Francisco.


Who Really Benefits from Rent Control?


While rent control may provide short-term relief to current tenants, it disproportionately benefits those who are lucky enough to secure a controlled unit, often at the expense of newcomers and lower-income individuals. Long-term tenants who stay in rent-controlled units enjoy below-market rates, but younger generations, new residents, and those searching for affordable housing find fewer available options. In cities with strict rent control, landlords are incentivized to keep units off the market or convert them into condominiums, further limiting rental housing availability.

The article highlights research showing that rent-controlled units tend to be occupied by higher-income individuals who could afford market rates, while those in need of affordable housing are locked out of the market entirely. This creates an inefficient allocation of housing, where those with means enjoy the benefits of rent control while those most in need are left struggling to find a home.


Economic Studies Confirm the Harms of Rent Control


Numerous studies support the conclusion that rent control leads to housing market distortions. The 2018 Stanford study on San Francisco’s rent control policy found that while existing tenants benefited, landlords removed 15% of the rental housing stock by converting units into condominiums or other forms of housing. The result? An overall increase in rental prices due to the reduced supply.

Additionally, a 1992 study published in the Journal of Urban Economics found that rent control in New York City led to a 20% reduction in the number of available rental units, worsening affordability in the long run.


The Alternative: Policies That Encourage Housing Supply


Instead of rent control, policymakers should focus on solutions that increase the supply of housing. Streamlining development regulations, reducing permitting costs, and incentivizing construction are more effective ways to address affordability concerns. Programs that provide direct subsidies to low-income renters—such as housing vouchers—offer targeted assistance without distorting the housing market.


Conclusion: Learning from Economic Reality


While rent control is often politically popular, it ultimately undermines the goal of affordable housing by discouraging investment, reducing housing supply, and creating economic inefficiencies. As the Library of Economics and Liberty article makes clear, the economic consensus is overwhelming: rent control does more harm than good.

For tenant advocacy groups and policymakers genuinely committed to addressing housing affordability, the focus should be on increasing the housing supply rather than imposing market-distorting regulations. If we want real, sustainable solutions for renters, we must look beyond feel-good policies and embrace economic reality.


References:

  • Block, Walter. Rent Control. The Library of Economics and Liberty. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/RentControl.html
  • Diamond, Rebecca, Tim McQuade, and Franklin Qian. The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco. Stanford University, 2018.
  • Gyourko, Joseph, and Peter Linneman. Rent Control and Rental Housing Quality: A Note on the Effects of New York City's Old Controls. Journal of Urban Economics, 1992.


By Audrey Wardwell March 18, 2025
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By Audrey Wardwell March 17, 2025
Why are Property Owners Being Urged to Sell? You may have noticed it too—more and more property owners are receiving invitations to webinars and live streams like the one in the image above. Topics such as “Tax-Smart Exit Strategies” are being promoted by accountants, financial advisors, and real estate professionals alike. These events aren’t just about saving money on taxes. They reflect a deeper concern that’s spreading throughout the rental housing industry: **Is it still worth it to own rental property in California?** The Impact of Rent Control on Owner Decisions Here in Monterey County, and across California, **the political climate surrounding rent control is influencing how property owners view their investments**. Faced with increasing regulation, uncertainty, and rising costs, many owners are questioning whether continuing to rent out their properties is still viable. In some cases, they’re being encouraged to sell—not because it’s financially necessary today, but because they fear what tomorrow might bring. The growing number of “exit strategy” seminars is evidence of this shift. These presentations often highlight how to sell properties while minimizing tax consequences. But behind the technical advice is a common thread: **many owners feel they are being backed into a corner by local and state policies**. ### What This Means for Tenants When owners sell, rental properties often leave the rental market entirely—converted into single-family homes for sale, vacation rentals, or other uses. This **reduces the overall supply of rental housing**, making it harder for tenants to find affordable places to live. Ironically, the very policies intended to protect tenants can sometimes lead to tighter housing markets and higher competition for available units. This doesn’t mean rent control has no place in housing policy. But it does highlight the importance of **balanced solutions**—ones that take into account the perspectives of both tenants and landlords, and that **don’t unintentionally incentivize owners to leave the market altogether**. ### The Need for Collaboration At the **Tenant Landlord Coalition of Monterey**, we believe in **collaboration over conflict**. We recognize that **healthy rental housing markets require both strong tenant protections and policies that support responsible property ownership**. When we lose that balance, we risk losing much-needed rental housing, which affects our entire community. As this trend continues, it’s important for policymakers, community leaders, and residents to understand **why property owners are feeling pressure to sell**, and to work together to find solutions that truly benefit everyone. Want to get involved or stay informed? Visit us at [www.tlc-monterey.org](https://www.tlc-monterey.org/about) to learn more about our work advocating for **mutual benefit—not burdensome policies.** --- Let me know if you'd like to add quotes, stats, or further analysis on specific rent control policies in Monterey County!
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By Audrey Wardwell January 31, 2025
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By Audrey Wardwell December 13, 2024
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